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First, Do No Harm - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

First, Do No Harm - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

There is no question that opioid use disorder has become the fastest growing, serious, and far-reaching public health crisis facing our nation today. The growing and unprecedented opioid epidemic is a critical issue for public health and medical care throughout the country. Provisional estimates suggest that nearly 65,000 Americans died from a drug overdose in 2016, a 21% increase from the previous year and at a level higher than occurred during the peak years for deaths from HIV infection and automobile fatalities. Nearly half of opioid overdose deaths are related to medications obtained legally by prescription, sparking deep concern among leaders in the health care sector. The need is clear for clinicians, as the "gatekeepers" of opioid prescriptions, and as the front line in facilitating access to treatment for addiction, to work together with state and community leaders to reduce the impact of opioid misuse on American communities. At the request of the National Governors Association, the National Academy of Medicine convened a group of experts and field leaders to explore clinicians' roles in addressing opioid misuse and addiction. The resulting Special Publication is informed by, and builds on, initiatives and guidelines that have been stewarded by various stakeholder organizations providing leadership in addressing these issues. In the midst of evolving understanding of and experience in pain management and substance abuse, the authors offer to clinicians a set of axioms applicable both to responsible, appropriate opioid prescribing practices, and to recognition and treatment of substance use disorder. Also underscored are actions that clinicians can take to improve their skills and effectiveness in the face of the growing need, including leadership engagement to ensure that communities have the resources and tools that clinicians require to fulfill their responsibilities. Table of ContentsFront MatterIntroductionWhat Is the Magnitude of the Opioid Epidemic?Which Opioids Are Most Commonly Involved in Overdose Deaths?What Are the Associated Characteristics of Those with Opioid Use Disorder?How Does the Opioid Epidemic Impact Our Families and Our Communities?What Has Driven the Epidemic?Are Effective Pain Management and Opioid Crisis Mitigation Competing Priorities?What Guidance and Assistance Is Available from Professional and Policy Organizations?What Are Primary Clinician Opportunities to Counter the Opioid Epidemic and Its Consequences?Summary Messages: Calling the Nation's Clinicians to ActionReferencesAppendix A: Action ResourcesAppendix B: Author Biosketches

DKK 143.00
1

Physics of Life - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Physics of Life - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Biological physics, or the physics of living systems, has emerged fully as a field of physics, alongside more traditional fields of astrophysics and cosmology, atomic, molecular and optical physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, particle physics, and plasma physics. This new field brings the physicist's style of inquiry to bear on the beautiful phenomena of life. The enormous range of phenomena encountered in living systems - phenomena that often have no analog or precedent in the inanimate world - means that the intellectual agenda of biological physics is exceptionally broad, even by the ambitious standards of physics. Physics of Life is the first decadal survey of this field, as part of a broader decadal survey of physics. This report communicates the importance of biological physics research; addresses what must be done to realize the promise of this new field; and provides guidance for informed decisions about funding, workforce, and research directions. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryIntroduction and OverviewPART I: EXPLORING BIG QUESTIONS1 What Physics Problems Do Organisms Need to Solve?2 How Do Living Systems Represent and Process Information?3 How Do Macroscopic Functions of Life Emerge from Interactions Among Many Microscopic Constituents?4 How Do Living Systems Navigate Parameter Space?PART II: CONNECTIONS5 Relation to Other Fields of Physics6 Biology and Chemistry7 Health, Medicine, and TechnologyPART III: REALIZING THE PROMISE8 Education9 Funding, Collaboration, and Coordination10 Building an Inclusive CommunityAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: RecommendationsAppendix C: Queries to Funding AgenciesAppendix D: Agency MissionsAppendix E: Details Regarding National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health GrantsAppendix F: Minimal Support LevelsAppendix G: Committee Biographies

DKK 370.00
1

Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Many young Americans' futures are imperiled because they do not read well enough to meet the demands of our competitive, technology-driven society. This book explores the problem within the context of social, historical, cultural, and biological factors. It examines the epidemiology of reading problems and introduces the concepts in the field.

DKK 500.00
1

Biological, Social, and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering - Committee On Maximizing The Potential Of

Biological, Social, and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering - Committee On Maximizing The Potential Of

The number of women studying science and engineering (S&E) has increased, but women do not hold academic faculty positions in numbers that commensurate with their share of the S&E talent pool. Experts in a number of disciplines met to address these issues. This book includes an introduction and summaries of panel discussions on this topic.

DKK 338.00
1

Hearing Health Care for Adults - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Hearing Health Care for Adults - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The loss of hearing - be it gradual or acute, mild or severe, present since birth or acquired in older age - can have significant effects on one's communication abilities, quality of life, social participation, and health. Despite this, many people with hearing loss do not seek or receive hearing health care. The reasons are numerous, complex, and often interconnected. For some, hearing health care is not affordable. For others, the appropriate services are difficult to access, or individuals do not know how or where to access them. Others may not want to deal with the stigma that they and society may associate with needing hearing health care and obtaining that care. Still others do not recognize they need hearing health care, as hearing loss is an invisible health condition that often worsens gradually over time. In the United States, an estimated 30 million individuals (12.7 percent of Americans ages 12 years or older) have hearing loss. Globally, hearing loss has been identified as the fifth leading cause of years lived with disability. Successful hearing health care enables individuals with hearing loss to have the freedom to communicate in their environments in ways that are culturally appropriate and that preserve their dignity and function. Hearing Health Care for Adults focuses on improving the accessibility and affordability of hearing health care for adults of all ages. This study examines the hearing health care system, with a focus on non-surgical technologies and services, and offers recommendations for improving access to, the affordability of, and the quality of hearing health care for adults of all ages. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Hearing Loss: Extent, Impact, and Research Needs3 Hearing Health Care Services: Improving Access and Quality4 Hearing Technologies: Expanding Options5 Improving Affordability of Services and Technologies6 Engaging a Wider Community: Awareness, Education, and Support7 Opportunities for ActionAppendix A: Meeting AgendasAppendix B: Committee Biographies

DKK 474.00
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Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National

Wildland Fires: Toward Improved Understanding and Forecasting of Air Quality Impacts - Board On Chemical Sciences And Technology - Bog - National

Wildland fires pose a growing threat to air quality and human health. Fire is a natural part of many landscapes, but the extent of area burned and the severity of fires have been increasing, concurrent with human movement into previously uninhabited fire-prone areas and forest management practices that have increased fuel loads. These changes heighten the risk of exposure to fire itself and emissions (smoke), which can travel thousands of miles and affect millions of people, creating local, regional, and national air quality and health concerns. To address this growing threat, the National Academies brought together atmospheric chemistry and health research communities, natural resource managers, and decision makers to discuss current knowledge and needs surrounding how wildland fire emissions affect air quality and human health. Participants also explored opportunities to better bridge these communities to advance science and improve the production and exchange of information. This publication summarizes the workshop discussions and themes that emerged throughout the meeting. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverviewIntroductionWildfires and Human Health - An OverviewWhere Are We Now?Where Do We Want to Be?How Do We Get There?ReferencesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Planning Committee Biographical SketchesAppendix C: Workshop Agenda

DKK 214.00
1

HIV Screening and Access to Care - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

HIV Screening and Access to Care - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

More than 200,000 people in the United States living with HIV/AIDS do not know they are infected. The Institute of Medicine's Committee on HIV Screening and Access to Care held a workshop and reviewed literature to explore barriers and facilitators to more widespread HIV testing. This book contains the committee's conclusions. Table of ContentsFront MatterHIV Screening and Access to Care:Exploring Barriers and Facilitators to Expanded HIV TestingReferencesAppendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee MembersAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop SpeakersAppendix C: Workshop AgendaAppendix D: Workshop Attendees

DKK 208.00
1

Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers - National Academy Of Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Reshaping the Graduate Education of Scientists and Engineers - National Academy Of Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Are we producing too many PhDs? Does the current graduate education system adequately prepare science and engineering students for today's marketplace? How do foreign students enter the picture? What should be the PhD of the future? These and other questions are addressed in this book by a blue-ribbon panel of scientists and engineers. Recommendations are aimed at creating a new PhD that would retain the existing strengths of the current system while substantially increasing the information available, the potential versatility of students, and the career options afforded to them by their PhD education.

DKK 481.00
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Engineering as a Social Enterprise - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Engineering as a Social Enterprise - National Academy Of Engineering - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

How is society influenced by engineering and technology? How in turn does society shape engineering and technology? This book from the National Academy of Engineering explores ways in which technology and society form inseparable elements in a complex sociotechnical system. The essays in this volume are based on the proposition that many forces move and shape engineering, technology, culture, and society. Six specialists both inside and outside the field of engineering offer views on how engineering responds to society's needs and how social forces shape what engineers do and what they can achieve.

DKK 292.00
1

Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa - Uganda National Academy Of Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press -

Mental, Neurological, and Substance Use Disorders in Sub-Saharan Africa - Uganda National Academy Of Sciences - Bog - National Academies Press -

Millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa suffer from mental, neurological, and substance use (MNS) disorders, and most do not have the resources to obtain treatment. The Uganda National Academy of Sciences and the Institute of Medicine hosted a workshop to discuss the state of care for MNS disorders in sub-Saharan Africa. Table of ContentsFront MatterIntroduction1 Background2 Systems of Care for MNS in Sub-Saharan Africa3 MNS Healthcare Policy4 Needs, Opportunities, and Next StepsAppendix A: Putting into Context MNS Disorders in Sub-Saharan AfricaAppendix B: ReferencesAppendix C: AgendaAppendix D: Registered AttendeesAppendix E: Speaker Biographies

DKK 299.00
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Improving Health Research on Small Populations - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Improving Health Research on Small Populations - Health And Medicine Division - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The increasing diversity of population of the United States presents many challenges to conducting health research that is representative and informative. Dispersion and accessibility issues can increase logistical costs; populations for which it is difficult to obtain adequate sample size are also likely to be expensive to study. Hence, even if it is technically feasible to study a small population, it may not be easy to obtain the funding to do so. In order to address the issues associated with improving health research of small populations, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a workshop in January 2018. Participants considered ways of addressing the challenges of conducting epidemiological studies or intervention research with small population groups, including alternative study designs, innovative methodologies for data collection, and innovative statistical techniques for analysis. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Background2 What Do We Mean by "Small Populations"?3 Challenges in Using Available Data for Small Population Health Research4 Techniques Used in Survey Research to Identify and Find Small Populations for Health Research5 New and Emerging Designs for Intervention Studies6 Recruitment, Retention, and Collection of Data7 Analysis Techniques for Small Population Research8 Closing RemarksAppendix A: Agenda and List of ParticipantsAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Steering Committee and SpeakersCommittee on National Statistics

DKK 312.00
1

The Competitive Status of the U.S. Steel Industry - Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Competitive Status of the U.S. Steel Industry - Commission On Engineering And Technical Systems - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

This volume examines the influences of technology and international trade policies on the troubled U.S. steel industry. Does leadership in technology guarantee competitive advantage in industrial markets? Or do the costs of production and the lack of investment capital offset technological gains for the domestic steel industry? Which international trade policies can help this industry, and which may be harming it? With these and other questions in view, The Competitive Status of the U.S. Steel Industry estimates global trends in steel trade, discusses patterns of production and consumption, and analyzes the possible effects of alternative governmental policies on this critically important industry.

DKK 318.00
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Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels - Science And Technology For Sustainability Program - Bog - National Academies

Expanding Biofuel Production and the Transition to Advanced Biofuels - Science And Technology For Sustainability Program - Bog - National Academies

While energy prices, energy security, and climate change are front and center in the national media, these issues are often framed to the exclusion of the broader issue of sustainability--ensuring that the production and use of biofuels do not compromise the needs of future generations by recognizing the need to protect life-support systems, promote economic growth, and improve societal welfare. Thus, it is important to understand the effects of biofuel production and use on water quality and quantity, soils, wildlife habitat and biodiversity, greenhouse gas emissions, air quality, public health, and the economic viability of rural communities.

DKK 366.00
1

Facing the Unexpected - - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Facing the Unexpected - - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Facing the Unexpected presents the wealth of information derived from disasters around the world over the past 25 years. The authors explore how these findings can improve disaster programs, identify remaining research needs, and discuss disaster within the broader context of sustainable development. How do different people think about disaster? Are we more likely to panic or to respond with altruism? Why are 110 people killed in a Valujet crash considered disaster victims while the 50,000 killed annually in traffic accidents in the U.S. are not? At the crossroads of social, cultural, and economic factors, this book examines these and other compelling questions. The authors review the influences that shape the U.S. governmental system for disaster planning and response, the effectiveness of local emergency agencies, and the level of professionalism in the field. They also compare technological versus natural disaster and examine the impact of technology on disaster programs. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Conceptualizing Disasters and Their Impacts2 Getting Ready: Research on Disaster Preparedness3 Moving into Action: Individual and Group Behavior in Disasters4 Meeting the Challenge: Organizational and Governmental Response in Disasters5 Factors Influencing Disaster Preparedness and Response6 The Wider Context: Societal Factors Influencing Emergency Management Policy and Practice7 Where Do We Go from Here? Improving What We Know about Disasters while Coping with Them More EffectivelyReferencesIndex

DKK 370.00
1