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First, Do No Harm - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

First, Do No Harm - National Academy Of Medicine - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

There is no question that opioid use disorder has become the fastest growing, serious, and far-reaching public health crisis facing our nation today. The growing and unprecedented opioid epidemic is a critical issue for public health and medical care throughout the country. Provisional estimates suggest that nearly 65,000 Americans died from a drug overdose in 2016, a 21% increase from the previous year and at a level higher than occurred during the peak years for deaths from HIV infection and automobile fatalities. Nearly half of opioid overdose deaths are related to medications obtained legally by prescription, sparking deep concern among leaders in the health care sector. The need is clear for clinicians, as the "gatekeepers" of opioid prescriptions, and as the front line in facilitating access to treatment for addiction, to work together with state and community leaders to reduce the impact of opioid misuse on American communities. At the request of the National Governors Association, the National Academy of Medicine convened a group of experts and field leaders to explore clinicians' roles in addressing opioid misuse and addiction. The resulting Special Publication is informed by, and builds on, initiatives and guidelines that have been stewarded by various stakeholder organizations providing leadership in addressing these issues. In the midst of evolving understanding of and experience in pain management and substance abuse, the authors offer to clinicians a set of axioms applicable both to responsible, appropriate opioid prescribing practices, and to recognition and treatment of substance use disorder. Also underscored are actions that clinicians can take to improve their skills and effectiveness in the face of the growing need, including leadership engagement to ensure that communities have the resources and tools that clinicians require to fulfill their responsibilities. Table of ContentsFront MatterIntroductionWhat Is the Magnitude of the Opioid Epidemic?Which Opioids Are Most Commonly Involved in Overdose Deaths?What Are the Associated Characteristics of Those with Opioid Use Disorder?How Does the Opioid Epidemic Impact Our Families and Our Communities?What Has Driven the Epidemic?Are Effective Pain Management and Opioid Crisis Mitigation Competing Priorities?What Guidance and Assistance Is Available from Professional and Policy Organizations?What Are Primary Clinician Opportunities to Counter the Opioid Epidemic and Its Consequences?Summary Messages: Calling the Nation's Clinicians to ActionReferencesAppendix A: Action ResourcesAppendix B: Author Biosketches

DKK 143.00
1

Materials and Manufacturing Capabilities for Sustaining Defense Systems - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Materials and Manufacturing Capabilities for Sustaining Defense Systems - National Research Council - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Standing Committee on Defense Materials Manufacturing and Infrastructure (DMMI) conducted a workshop on July 23-24, 2012, to share information and gather perspectives on issues concerning Materials and Manufacturing Capabilities for Sustaining Defense Systems. This workshop, held at the headquarters building of the National Academies, 2101 Constitution Avenue N.W., Washington D.C., was conducted according to the procedures of the National Research Council (NRC) for a convening activity. That is, all workshop participants—including presenters, members of the DMMI standing committee, Reliance 21, invited guests, and visitors—spoke as individuals, and no overall findings, conclusions, or recommendations were developed during or as a result of the workshop. All statements and views summarized in this publication are attributable only to those individuals who expressed them. It is worth noting that the sponsor, Reliance 21, is a Department of Defense group of professionals that was established to enable the DOD science and technology (S&T) community to work together to enhance Defense S&T programs, eliminate unwarranted duplication, and strengthen cooperation among the military services and other DOD agencies. The DMMI standing committee named a workshop planning group to develop the workshop agenda and decide on invited guests and presenters, in accordance with the statement of task approved by the Governing Board of the NRC. The planning group also consulted with the Reliance 21 materials and processing community of interest. The presentations and discussions during the workshop are summarized sequentially in the main part of this report. As an aid to readers, nine themes have been identified by the author that recurred in multiple presentations and discussions. Materials and Manufacturing Capabilities for Sustaining Defense Systems: Summary of a Workshop explains these nine themes and summarizes the two day workshop. Table of ContentsFront MatterOverviewWorkshop Presentations and DiscussionsA--Statement of TaskB--Workshop Speakers and Other ParticipantsC--Workshop AgendaD--Acronyms

DKK 279.00
1

The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Causes and Impacts of Neglected Tropical and Zoonotic Diseases - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) afflict more than 1.4 billion people, many of whom live on less than $1.25 a day. While there are effective ways to manage NTDs, policy-makers and funders have only recently begun to recognize the economic and public health importance of controlling NTDs. The IOM's Forum on Microbial Threats held a workshop September 21-22, 2010, to discuss the science of and policy surrounding NTDs. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop OverviewAppendix A: Contributed ManuscriptsAppendix B: AgendaAppendix C: AcronymsAppendix D: GlossaryAppendix E: Forum Member BiographiesAppendix F: Speaker Biographies

DKK 656.00
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Ensuring Quality Cancer Care Through the Oncology Workforce - National Cancer Policy Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Ensuring Quality Cancer Care Through the Oncology Workforce - National Cancer Policy Forum - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) predicts that by 2020, there will be an 81 percent increase in people living with or surviving cancer, but only a 14 percent increase in the number of practicing oncologists. As a result, there may be too few oncologists to meet the population's need for cancer care. To help address the challenges in overcoming this potential crisis of cancer care, the National Cancer Policy Forum of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) convened the workshop Ensuring Quality Cancer Care through the Oncology Workforce: Sustaining Care in the 21st Century in Washington, DC on October 20 and 21, 2008.

DKK 208.00
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Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products - Committee On The Public Health Implications Of Raising The

Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products - Committee On The Public Health Implications Of Raising The

Tobacco use by adolescents and young adults poses serious concerns. Nearly all adults who have ever smoked daily first tried a cigarette before 26 years of age. Current cigarette use among adults is highest among persons aged 21 to 25 years. The parts of the brain most responsible for cognitive and psychosocial maturity continue to develop and change through young adulthood, and adolescent brains are uniquely vulnerable to the effects of nicotine. At the request of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products considers the likely public health impact of raising the minimum age for purchasing tobacco products. The report reviews the existing literature on tobacco use patterns, developmental biology and psychology, health effects of tobacco use, and the current landscape regarding youth access laws, including minimum age laws and their enforcement. Based on this literature, the report makes conclusions about the likely effect of raising the minimum age to 19, 21, and 25 years on tobacco use initiation. The report also quantifies the accompanying public health outcomes based on findings from two tobacco use simulation models. According to the report, raising the minimum age of legal access to tobacco products, particularly to ages 21 and 25, will lead to substantial reductions in tobacco use, improve the health of Americans across the lifespan, and save lives. Public Health Implications of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products will be a valuable reference for federal policy makers and state and local health departments and legislators. Table of ContentsFront MatterSummary1 Introduction2 Patterns of Tobacco Use by Adolescents and Young Adults3 The Developmental and Environmental Context of Adolescent and Young Adult Tobacco Use4 The Effects of Tobacco Use on Health5 Restrictions on Youth Access to Tobacco Products6 Evidence on the Effects of Youth Access Restrictions7 The Effect on Tobacco Use of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products8 Health Benefits of Raising the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco Products9 Other Considerations for Policy MakersAppendix A: State and Local Laws on the Minimum Age of Legal Access to Tobacco ProductsAppendix B: State Laws - Tobacco Transfers to MinorsAppendix C: State Laws - Tobacco PurchaseUsePossessionby MinorsAppendix D: Supplemental Information About the ModelsAppendix E: Open Meeting AgendasAppendix F: Committee Biographical Sketches

DKK 422.00
1

Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation - Board On Global Health - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Dr. Joshua Lederberg - scientist, Nobel laureate, visionary thinker, and friend of the Forum on Microbial Threats - died on February 2, 2008. It was in his honor that the Institute of Medicine's Forum on Microbial Threats convened a public workshop on May 20-21, 2008, to examine Dr. Lederberg's scientific and policy contributions to the marketplace of ideas in the life sciences, medicine, and public policy. The resulting workshop summary, Microbial Evolution and Co-Adaptation, demonstrates the extent to which conceptual and technological developments have, within a few short years, advanced our collective understanding of the microbiome, microbial genetics, microbial communities, and microbe-host-environment interactions. Table of ContentsFront MatterWorkshop Overview1 The Life and Legacies of Joshua Lederberg2 Microbial Ecology and Ecosystems3 Pathogen Evolution4 Antibiotic Resistance: Origins and Countermeasures5 Infectious Disease Emergence: Past, Present, and FutureAppendix A: AgendaAppendix B: AcronymsAppendix C: GlossaryAppendix D: Forum Member Biographies

DKK 539.00
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Physics of Life - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Physics of Life - Board On Physics And Astronomy - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Biological physics, or the physics of living systems, has emerged fully as a field of physics, alongside more traditional fields of astrophysics and cosmology, atomic, molecular and optical physics, condensed matter physics, nuclear physics, particle physics, and plasma physics. This new field brings the physicist's style of inquiry to bear on the beautiful phenomena of life. The enormous range of phenomena encountered in living systems - phenomena that often have no analog or precedent in the inanimate world - means that the intellectual agenda of biological physics is exceptionally broad, even by the ambitious standards of physics. Physics of Life is the first decadal survey of this field, as part of a broader decadal survey of physics. This report communicates the importance of biological physics research; addresses what must be done to realize the promise of this new field; and provides guidance for informed decisions about funding, workforce, and research directions. Table of ContentsFront MatterExecutive SummaryIntroduction and OverviewPART I: EXPLORING BIG QUESTIONS1 What Physics Problems Do Organisms Need to Solve?2 How Do Living Systems Represent and Process Information?3 How Do Macroscopic Functions of Life Emerge from Interactions Among Many Microscopic Constituents?4 How Do Living Systems Navigate Parameter Space?PART II: CONNECTIONS5 Relation to Other Fields of Physics6 Biology and Chemistry7 Health, Medicine, and TechnologyPART III: REALIZING THE PROMISE8 Education9 Funding, Collaboration, and Coordination10 Building an Inclusive CommunityAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: RecommendationsAppendix C: Queries to Funding AgenciesAppendix D: Agency MissionsAppendix E: Details Regarding National Science Foundation and National Institutes of Health GrantsAppendix F: Minimal Support LevelsAppendix G: Committee Biographies

DKK 370.00
1

Spatial Justice as a Driver of Health in the Context of Societal Emergencies - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National

Spatial Justice as a Driver of Health in the Context of Societal Emergencies - Board On Population Health And Public Health Practice - Bog - National

Spatial justice is about equitable access to parks, housing, and more. During societal emergencies, including pandemics and climate change, the relationship between people and places requires greater attention and action to integrate the knowledge of people with lived experience, especially historically marginalized communities. On September 20 and 21, 2021, the National Academies Roundtable on Population Health Improvement hosted a virtual workshop to explore the nature, use, design of, threats, and changes to places as a resource for health and public spaces as a shared resource. This Proceedings document summarizes workshop discussions. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Histories of Displacement and Dispossession3 Climate Change Displacement and Population Resilience4 How Policies and Investments Shape Spatial Injustice and Displacement5 Public Space 101 for Cross-Sector Partnerships That Can Drive Change6 Bringing It Together with Applications for Different Practice Communities, Collaboration, and Policy7 Closing Remarks and ReflectionsAppendix A: Speaker and Planning Committee Biographical SketchesAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Readings and ResourcesAppendix D: References

DKK 182.00
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Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children - Division Of Behavioral And Social Sciences And Education - Bog - National Academies Press -

Many young Americans' futures are imperiled because they do not read well enough to meet the demands of our competitive, technology-driven society. This book explores the problem within the context of social, historical, cultural, and biological factors. It examines the epidemiology of reading problems and introduces the concepts in the field.

DKK 500.00
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Biological, Social, and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering - Committee On Maximizing The Potential Of

Biological, Social, and Organizational Components of Success for Women in Academic Science and Engineering - Committee On Maximizing The Potential Of

The number of women studying science and engineering (S&E) has increased, but women do not hold academic faculty positions in numbers that commensurate with their share of the S&E talent pool. Experts in a number of disciplines met to address these issues. This book includes an introduction and summaries of panel discussions on this topic.

DKK 338.00
1

Anticipating Rare Events of Major Significance - Intelligence Community Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

Anticipating Rare Events of Major Significance - Intelligence Community Studies Board - Bog - National Academies Press - Plusbog.dk

The Intelligence Community Studies Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine convened a 2-day virtual workshop on December 17 and 21, 2021, to explore insights from world-class experts and technologists familiar with the extensive range of issues associated with anticipating rare events—those characterized by a very low probability of occurring—of major significance. Over the course of the 2-day workshop, the speakers discussed analytical methods, computational advances, data sources, and risk assessment approaches for anticipating rare events, including natural disasters, pandemics, anthropogenic threats, and widespread technological change. This proceedings is a factual summary of the presentations and discussion of the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 Mathematical Foundations for Anticipating Rare Events3 Detection, Indications, and Warnings4 Planning, Forecasting, and Intelligence Preparation5 Fireside Chat - Using Artificial Intelligence to Predict the Occurrence of Sepsis6 Fireside Chat - Rare Events and Insurance7 Multisource Information Fusion, Situation Assessment, and Course of Action Selection8 Active Prevention and Deterrence9 Concluding RemarksAppendixesAppendix A: Statement of TaskAppendix B: Workshop AgendaAppendix C: Planning Committee BiographiesAppendix D: Speaker Biographies

DKK 195.00
1

Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security - Health And

Engaging the Private-Sector Health Care System in Building Capacity to Respond to Threats to the Public's Health and National Security - Health And

Disasters tend to cross political, jurisdictional, functional, and geographic boundaries. As a result, disasters often require responses from multiple levels of government and multiple organizations in the public and private sectors. This means that public and private organizations that normally operate independently must work together to mount an effective disaster response. To identify and understand approaches to aligning health care system incentives with the American public's need for a health care system that is prepared to manage acutely ill and injured patients during a disaster, public health emergency, or other mass casualty event, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine hosted a 2-day public workshop on March 20 and 21, 2018. This publication summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction and Overview2 Perspectives on the Nation's Capacity to Respond to Threats to Health, Safety, and Security3 Learning from Experience4 ASPR's New Vision for a Regional Health Response System5 Looking to the Future6 Exploring Opportunities to Improve Private-Sector Investment in Capacity Building7 Final ThoughtsReferencesAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Statement of TaskAppendix C: Speaker Biographies

DKK 318.00
1

Design, Implementation, Monitoring, and Sharing of Performance Standards for Laboratory Animal Use - Institute For Laboratory Animal Research - Bog -

Design, Implementation, Monitoring, and Sharing of Performance Standards for Laboratory Animal Use - Institute For Laboratory Animal Research - Bog -

In order to better understand the critical issues pertaining to the concept of performance standards for laboratory animal use, the Institute for Laboratory Animal Research Roundtable on Science and Welfare in Laboratory Animal Use held a public workshop on April 20-21, 2015. The purpose of the workshop was to promote the appropriate and responsible care of animals in research, to provide a balanced and civil forum for discussion and collaboration, and to help build transparency and trust among stakeholders. Participants addressed the challenges of defining, developing, implementing, assessing, and validating performance standards to ensure "optimal practices, management, and operations." This report summarizes the presentations and discussions from the workshop. Table of ContentsFront Matter1 Introduction2 Overview of Performance Standards for the Humane Care and Use of Laboratory Animals3 Regulatory and Advisory Perspectives4 End-User Perspectives5 Detailed Steps in the Development and Implementation of Performance Standards6 Reports from the Breakout Sessions7 Sharing Acceptable Performance Standards8 Reflections on the WorkshopAppendix A: Workshop AgendaAppendix B: Biographical Sketches of Workshop Speakers and Organizing Committee MembersAppendix C: Statement of Task

DKK 318.00
1